What is a sample mill?

Overview

Sample mills differences
Sample mills with cutting action
Sample mills using rotors for sample crushing
Sample mills using balls for sample crushing
Achieving good homogeneity with sample mills

样品研磨仪广泛应用于食品、农业和采矿等领域，专为粉碎或研磨小型材料样品而设计，用于成分分析、物理特性检测或其他测试目的。这类设备能将样品制备成均匀的粒度或质地，确保评估结果的一致性。市面上存在多种型号的样品研磨仪，每种型号均针对特定材料和特殊用途进行优化设计。

选择合适的样品研磨仪取决于材料特性及样品处理的预期结果。对于原子吸收光谱（AAS）、近红外光谱（NIR）、电感耦合等离子体光谱（ICP）或X射线荧光光谱（XRF）等分析技术，必须将样品充分均质化至适宜的分析级细度。唯有通过一致的样品制备流程，才能确保分析结果的可靠性与准确性。RETSCH提供种类齐全的样品研磨仪与粉碎仪，可对几乎所有物质进行初级、精细及超精细粉碎处理。我们的研磨设备及配件系列确保在实验室测试前，能实现无污染且可靠的样品制备。

What is the difference between a sample mill and a grinding mill?

本质上，样品研磨仪专用于制备小批量样品进行精细分析，重点在于精确控制最终样品的粒度和均匀性，以确保其满足特定测试或分析要求。研磨机则侧重于各类生产应用中的批量处理。简而言之，样品研磨仪与研磨机的主要区别在于其操作规模和核心用途：样品研磨仪更适用于小规模、高精度的分析样品制备，而研磨机则用于需要物料尺寸减小的较大规模生产流程。

What is the difference between a sample mill and a pulverizing mill?

样品研磨仪与粉碎机的主要区别在于其操作目标、对物料进行粉碎的机械作用方式以及通常的应用场景。样品研磨仪专为制备用于分析或测试的小型材料样本而设计，旨在达到特定粒度或均匀度以获得精确的分析结果。其应用于实验室或研究环境，在这些场景中对研磨粒度的精确控制和可重复性至关重要。而粉碎机则专注于将物料转化为细粉，服务于需要将原料加工成更易处理或可进一步加工形态的各类行业。其核心在于实现物料的深度分解，而非分析样品的制备。综上所述，虽然两种研磨设备都涉及物料尺寸的减小，但样品研磨仪专用于制备用于分析的小型精确样品，具有高度的粒度控制能力；而粉碎机则致力于生产细粉。

To the top overview

Sample mills with cutting action

1. 切割式研磨仪

Cutting mills are adept at the efficient primary size reduction of mixed heterogeneous materials and are equally effective for processing soft, medium-hard, elastic, or fibrous samples. The size reduction in these sample mills is achieved through cutting and shearing forces. Upon hitting the the rotor the material is reduced in size between the blades and the stationary double-acting cutting bars within the housing. The 6-disc rotor features spirally arranged, reversible hard metal plates that sequentially cut the sample. The parallel section rotor's knives deliver a robust cutting action for comminution. The V-rotor is particularly suited for processing light and fluffy samples. The sample stays only briefly in the grinding chamber; once it is sufficiently small to pass through the sieve's openings at the bottom, it exits through the gravity outlet and is collected. The optional cyclone-suction-combination not only cools the sample but also enhances material discharge from the grinding chamber.

切割式研磨仪

点击观看视频

作用原理

A rotor speed of 1,500 min^-1 ensures rapid yet gentle size reduction. These sample mills are known for their high operational safety and convenience, with a broad range of accessories for easy adaptation to various applications. They can process initial particle sizes of up to 80 mm. The SM 100 is RETSCH's budget-friendly basic model, ideal for samples that do not require extreme forces. Designed for routine tasks, it is user-friendly and can be installed on a sturdy table or an optional base frame. The most powerful SM 300 sample mill boasts a 3 kW drive with high torque and RES technology, excelling in challenging tasks where other mills might fail. This mill offers perfect adaptability to application requirements with variable speeds ranging from 100 to 3,000 rpm.

2. 刀式混和研磨仪

刀式研磨仪确保快速、均匀且可重复的粉碎效果，可从研磨容器任意部位取样。GRINDOMIX GM 200刀式研磨仪是研磨和均质化食品及饲料的卓越样品研磨设备。配备两把锋利坚固的刀片和强劲的1000瓦电机，可高效处理高达0.7升的样品量。该设备尤其擅长均质化高水分、高油脂或高脂肪含量的物质，同时适用于研磨干燥、柔软及中等硬度的物料。其快速均质化过程可有效抑制显著升温，从而保护样品中的挥发性成分。通过参数、程序和操作流程的可重复设置，该研磨机确保分析结果的标准偏差最小化。凭借可定制的多种顶盖和容器配置，这款样品研磨仪在专业性上远超任何商用家用搅拌机。

刀式混和研磨仪

点击观看视频

作用原理

The GRINDOMIX GM 300 laboratory knife mill, with its special cutting knife system and adjustable grinding chamber volume, processes a wide range of samples quickly and reproducibly into homogeneous analytical samples. Its 5000 ml chamber volume can homogenize large items like a loaf of bread or a pizza in one go. Like the GM 200, the GM 300 sample mill guarantees analytical results with minimal standard deviation, offering a selection of lids and containers for tailored application needs, setting it apart as a professional-grade device beyond any commercial household mixer.

To the top overview

Sample mills using rotors for sample crushing

Rotor mills are utilized for the rapid size reduction of materials ranging from soft to medium-hard, as well as temperature-sensitive or fibrous substances. In these sample mills, size reduction is achieved through impact and shearing forces between the rotor and the fixed (ring) sieve. Materials enter the rotor through the hopper and are swiftly crushed by impact. Subsequently, they are finely ground either between the rotor and the sieve by shearing forces or on a grinding insert by friction.

This two-step grinding process is particularly gentle yet efficient. The material remains in the grinding chamber for only a brief period, ensuring that the sample's defining characteristics are not altered. Cyclones that assist in discharging the sample materials also have a cooling effect. These sample mills may come with an integrated cyclone or have one added optionally. The rotor mill series includes Ultra Centrifugal Mills, Rotor Beater Mills, Cross Beater Mills and the cyclone mill Twister, each designed for specific sample processing needs.

旋转式研磨仪

1. 超离心研磨仪ZM 300

The powerful Ultra Centrifugal Mill ZM 300 is an ideal sample mill as it provides maximum grinding performance combined with ease of use. The variable speed from 6,000 to 23,000 rpm allows for gentle, neutral-to-analysis sample preparation with initial feed size up to 10 mm in a very short time. Thanks to an integrated temperature monitoring system, reproducibility is guaranteed even for long grinding processes or pulverization of large sample volumes. The wide selection of rotors, ring sieves and cassettes makes the ZM 300 a true allrounder which meets the requirements of a great variety of size reduction tasks. Very small particles down to 40 µm can be achieved.

超离心研磨仪ZM 300

点击观看视频

作用原理

2. 旋转敲击式粉碎仪 SR 300

The Rotor Beater Mill SR 300 is suitable for coarse and fine size reduction. It can process dry, soft, medium-hard, organic and inorganic substances. This sample mill is suitable for a defined final fineness due to bottom sieves with aperture sizes from 0.08 - 10 mm, accepting larger initial feed size up to 25 mm. The SR 300 has an optional grinding insert 180° for grinding of hard-brittle materials by additional impact. With the adjustable speed up to 10,000 rpm, easy cleaning thanks to exchangeable push-fit grinding insert, rotor and cassette and the optional distance rotor to reduce frictional heat, the SR 300 is the ideal sample mill for batches up to 30 l.

旋转敲击式粉碎仪 SR 300

点击观看视频

作用原理

3. 旋风磨

旋风磨TWISTER专为处理食品和饲料样品以进行后续近红外分析而设计。其优化转刀和研磨腔的设计可形成气流，将研磨后的样品通过集成旋风分离器输送至样品瓶。该气流有助于维持样品温度，从而保持其水分含量，这是可靠样品研磨的前提条件。

配套筛网可确保理想的颗粒粒度分布，免除近红外光谱仪的重新校准需求。研磨机转子转速支持三档调节，可精确适配样品处理要求。清洁过程简便高效——气流可彻底排出研磨腔内的物料。

旋风磨

To the top overview

Sample mills using balls for sample crushing

球磨仪是一种多功能且高效的样品研磨设备，适用于粉碎坚硬、脆性或纤维状物料。其多样化的研磨模式、可调节的研磨容量以及可选的研磨工具材料，使其能满足广泛的应用需求。为理解不同类型球磨仪的差异，我们首先分析其共性特征。本质上，所有球磨仪均基于在密封容器内移动样品物料（可能配合研磨球）的原理运作。这种运动对物料产生强烈的混合与粉碎效果。主要差异体现在研磨罐的运动方式上：例如行星式球磨仪中，研磨罐沿类似行星绕太阳的圆形轨迹运动；混合式球磨仪中，研磨罐执行水平摆动运动；而滚筒式球磨机中，研磨罐仅围绕自身轴线旋转。

Another crucial aspect of a ball mill is its power, which greatly impacts the milling outcome. Depending on the application, jars may rotate slowly for gentle processing or rapidly for effective grinding. The maximum speed, often expressed in frequency or revolutions per minute (rpm), is commonly associated with performance. However, a more significant measure of a mill's capability is the acceleration force "g," generated by the mill's kinetic energy.

球磨仪

点击观看视频

Lena Weigold 博士介绍如何选择最合适的球磨机

冷冻研磨仪是粉碎弹性与韧性样品的理想设备。低温研磨技术通过液氮冷却处理热敏性及弹性物质，而冷冻研磨仪正是为此目的设计的专用研磨设备。其集成冷却系统能在研磨前后持续以液氮冷却研磨罐，使样品变得脆化，同时保留挥发性成分。液氮通过自动补给系统持续供应，在无需操作人员直接接触的情况下将温度维持在-196°C，确保操作安全性。CryoMill具备低温研磨、湿法研磨及室温干法研磨等多重适应性，是处理1×20毫升样品的理想研磨设备。MM 500 control研磨仪适用于2×40毫升样品，可在-100至100℃范围内实现研磨过程的温度监测与控制。为实现极致多功能性，该研磨机可兼容多种热流体，适配各类冷却或加热装置。采用液氮冷却时，可选配cryoPad扩展模块。这项创新技术能在研磨过程中精确选择并控制-100至0°C之间的特定冷却温度。

CryoMill

高能控温球磨仪 MM 500 control

To the top overview

Achieving good homogeneity with sample mills

均质化是样品制备中的关键步骤，确保样品均匀混合以实现整体成分的一致性。这种均匀性对获得准确可靠的分析结果至关重要，因为它消除了分析非均质样品不同部位时可能产生的变异性。当样品呈异质性或含有多种组分时，均质化尤为关键，它能实现对整个样品的代表性分析。

均质性是可靠样品分析的关键前提，原因如下：

Representative Sampling: 均质性确保每个样本部分都能代表整个批次或总体。这在分析测试中至关重要，因为它意味着从少量样本获得的结果可准确外推至整个批次。若缺乏均质性，则存在分析非代表性样本的风险，从而导致对整体的结论失准。
一致性与可重复性：
当样品具有均质性时，对样品或批次不同部分进行重复测试将获得一致的结果。这种可重复性对分析结果的可靠性至关重要，因为它证明了测试结果并非源于随机变异或采样误差。
Error Reduction: 均质样品可降低分析误差的发生概率。非均质样品可能引入变异性，这种变异性可能被误认为是总体固有变异性或实验条件的影响。通过确保样品均质性，可最大限度减少这些潜在误差来源，从而获得更准确可靠的分析结果。
Efficiency: Homogeneous samples streamline the analytical process. When each portion of the sample is representative, fewer samples may need to be analyzed to obtain a reliable understanding of the whole. This efficiency can save time and resources, which is particularly important in high-throughput or time-sensitive analyses.
Statistical Validity:
许多统计分析假设数据点（样本）相互独立且服从相同分布。同质性通过确保样本各部分具有相似性，且抽样过程不引入偏差，从而支持这一假设。这为基于样本分析得出的结论提供了统计学上的有效性基础。

总而言之，均质性对可靠的样品分析至关重要，因为它能确保样品具有代表性，结果具有可重复性和一致性，最大限度地减少分析误差，提高工作效率，并保证统计分析的有效性。

样品均质化可确保结果的可重复性。粗磨样品的标准偏差通常比彻底粉碎样品的标准偏差更大。从下面的例子中可以看出这一点：通过微波诱导干燥结合核磁共振光谱法，连续五次分析了颗粒为 4-5 毫米的香肠样品和颗粒小于 0.5 毫米的均质样品的脂肪含量。每次测量在 2.5 分钟内烘干 4 克样品，并在 1 分钟内进行分析。粗香肠样品的脂肪含量比细香肠样品的脂肪含量变化更大。第一部分的脂肪含量在 14.85 % 到 17.12 % 之间，标准偏差为 0.88 %。在均质样品中，标准偏差降低了 10 多倍，仅为 0.07 %，脂肪含量范围为 15.84 % 至 16.02 %（相对标准偏差从 5.63 % 降至 0.45 %）。

案列: 油脂分析

To the top overview

RETSCH的仪器在所有的工业领域中均有应用。在生产控制和质量监控的框架下，RETSCH的仪器广泛用于各种分析程序中的样品前处理和颗粒粒径分析。
鉴于这些领域内对仪器设备的要求日益增高，RETSCH有其明确的产品哲学。借用古希腊大哲学家亚历士多德的一句话说，就是：

产品选择

联系我们获取免费的建议

我们遍布全球80个国家的子公司，携我们的伙伴公司及代理商，确保随时为您提供产品和应用的咨询以及全面的售后服务保障。

联系我们！

Sample Mills - 常见问题

What is a sample mill?

样品研磨仪是一种用于食品、农业和采矿等行业的设备，可将小型材料样品粉碎或研磨。它能将样品制备成均匀的粒度或质地，以确保评估结果的一致性，这对原子吸收光谱法（AAS）、近红外光谱法（NIR）、电感耦合等离子体光谱法（ICP）或X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）等分析技术至关重要。RETSCH公司提供种类繁多的样品研磨仪和粉碎仪，适用于不同物质和用途。

What are the different types of mills available for sample preparation?

There are several types of sample mills used for sample preparation, each designed for specific materials and purposes. Here's a brief overview of the different mill types:

Cutting Mills: These are suitable for the efficient primary size reduction of mixed heterogeneous materials and are effective for processing soft, medium-hard, elastic, or fibrous samples. The size reduction is achieved through cutting and shearing forces.
Knife Mills: 刀式研磨仪是研磨和均质化食品及饲料的理想设备。它们能快速实现均匀且可重复的粉碎效果，并允许从研磨容器的任意部位进行具有代表性的取样。
Rotor Mills: Rotor mills are used for the rapid size reduction of soft to medium-hard, temperature-sensitive, or fibrous substances. Size reduction is achieved through impact and shearing forces between the rotor and the fixed (ring) sieve.
Ball Mills: Ball mills are versatile and efficient for pulverizing hard, brittle, or fibrous materials. They offer diverse grinding modes, adjustable volumes, and a selection of grinding tool materials suitable for a wide array of applications.
Cryogenic Mills: CryoMill专为低温研磨设计，该技术通过液氮冷却处理热敏性及弹性物质。本研磨仪采用特殊工艺，能在研磨前及研磨过程中持续以液氮冷却研磨罐。