1. Crushers:
这些是用于将大块物料破碎成小颗粒的重型机械，通常是粉碎工艺的第一步。破碎机类型包括颚破仪、旋回式破碎仪和圆锥破碎仪。Retsch公司提供全系列颚破仪产品。
煤炭
玉制品
粉碎设备是指将固体物料破碎成更小块状或更细颗粒的机械装置。这一被称为研磨的过程，在采矿、食品加工、制药、回收利用及化工制造等众多行业中都扮演着关键操作环节的角色。
The primary purpose of size reduction is to increase the surface area of the material, improve efficiency in subsequent processing steps like extraction, enhance product quality by homogenization, facilitate storage and transportation, and enable the separation of valuable components from waste.
Size reduction equipment varies widely in design and functionality, tailored to specific materials and reduction requirements. The main types include:
这些是用于将大块物料破碎成小颗粒的重型机械，通常是粉碎工艺的第一步。破碎机类型包括颚破仪、旋回式破碎仪和圆锥破碎仪。Retsch公司提供全系列颚破仪产品。
Grinders reduce materials to a finer size than crushers. They are used for intermediate and fine grinding. Types include ball mills, rod mills, cross beater and hammer mills.
Retsch offers a wide range of grinding mills designed to accommodate a variety of applications.
This category includes devices that use mechanical movement to cut soft to medium hard solid materials, often used in the food industry.
粉碎设备的选型取决于物料特性（硬度、磨蚀性、含水量）、目标粒度以及具体应用需求。合理选择并操作粉碎设备对实现高效且经济的生产流程至关重要。
实验室研磨仪根据样品材料特性采用多种粉碎原理。选择特定粉碎任务的研磨仪取决于样品的断裂特性。坚硬脆性材料通过冲击、压力和摩擦可实现最佳粉碎效果；而柔软弹性物质则需要切割和剪切作用才能有效粉碎。纤维状样品同样需要切割作用，同时配合摩擦与剪切。研磨设备常融合多种粉碎原理，例如行星式球磨仪结合冲击与摩擦，转刀式研磨仪则兼具剪切与冲击功能。干燥或脆化等工艺可改变样品的断裂特性，使其更易脆化，从而更便于粉碎处理。
Retsch offers a wide range of grinding mills designed to accommodate a variety of applications.
对于40毫米以上的大颗粒减小尺寸，设备被归类为破碎仪或粉碎仪，而磨机则用于更小的颗粒尺寸。初始进料粒度与目标终点细度决定是否需要在精细研磨前进行预破碎。通常需配备两种不同类型的研磨仪/破碎仪才能获得极细颗粒，因为适用于纳米级精细研磨的设备通常仅能处理最大10毫米的颗粒。所需终点细度由分析任务决定——确保良好的均匀性至关重要。微波消解需颗粒足够细小以确保高效快速。X射线荧光分析要求颗粒小于100微米，其他分析技术在保持均匀性前提下通常可接受0.5毫米。研发任务则需纳米级（<100纳米）颗粒，仅能通过球磨仪与湿法研磨工艺实现。
为确保样品制备的可重复性，必须提取真正代表整体材料的子样品。这意味着子样品必须与整体样品具有相同的特性。鉴于大多数样品均为非均匀混合物，必须谨慎避免因颗粒尺寸差异导致的分离现象，尤其在运输过程中。若无法处理整个样品，则必须取代表性部分。样品量至关重要：既要满足分析需求，又要与总样本量及粒度分布成比例。这些因素共同决定了子样本需达到的最小量，方能准确反映整体特性。
Sample preparation refers to the series of actions taken to transform a sample from its original state to a form that is suitable for analysis in a laboratory setting.
每台RETSCH研磨仪均配备功能与操作性均经过优化的研磨工具。然而，由于应用范围广泛，具体需求可能存在显著差异。因此，RETSCH提供种类繁多的配件。例如，针对球磨仪和盘磨仪，研磨罐提供多种尺寸规格。通过使用间距筛和转刀，可在转刀式研磨机中处理温度敏感性物料。所有研磨工具均提供不同材质版本。
滚筒式球磨仪是一种球磨仪，适用于粉碎大粒度物料及高达35升的大样品量。研磨过程可在干法或湿法条件下进行。最终可达的细度取决于所使用的研磨介质。
Another application area of the TM 300 is Bond Index Testing. The Bond Work Index is used to assess the grinding efficiency and to calculate the necessary grinding power when choosing size reduction equipment in the design phase of, for example, a mining plant. Precise determination of BWI is crucial for the accurate design and estimation of costs linked to the comminution process in industries like cement, mining or steel.
Both the Ball Mill and the Rod Mill module can be used for the process. At least 15 to 20 kg sample material is required to simulate a closed grinding circuit.
The Ball Mill Work Index (BWI) is used for the range from 2.1 mm down to 100 µm. The sample needs to be pre-crushed to particle sizes as defined below.
The optimum number of grinding balls is 285. With the ball diameters varying due to wear, the overall number should be adjusted from time to time to ensure a total mass of 20.125 grams.
The grinding jar of the Bond Index Ball Mill measures 12'' x 12'' and has well-rounded corners.
The Rod Mill Work Index (RWI) is used for particle size determination in a size range from 25 mm down to 2.1 mm. The sample needs to be pre-crushed to particle sizes as defined below.
The grinding jar for the Bond Index Rod Mill is 12″ x 24″ in size and has a wave-shaped design.
RETSCH的仪器在所有的工业领域中均有应用。在生产控制和质量监控的框架下，RETSCH的仪器广泛用于各种分析程序中的样品前处理和颗粒粒径分析。
鉴于这些领域内对仪器设备的要求日益增高，RETSCH有其明确的产品哲学。借用古希腊大哲学家亚历士多德的一句话说，就是：
